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Enterprise Performance Management (EPM) is a management field of ''Business Performance Management'' which considers the visibility of operations in a closed-loop model across all facets of the enterprise. Specific to financial activities in the office of the Chief Financial Officer, EPM also supports Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A). There are several ''domains'' in the EPM field which are being driven by corporate initiatives, academic research, and commercial approaches. These include: # Strategy Formulation # Business Planning and Forecasting # Financial Management # Supply Chain Effectiveness Based on the ''mission'' and ''vision'' of an organization, different strategic needs may drive how EPM domains are leveraged and promoted within an organization. For example a professional services firm based in Canada may view the need to have effective and transparent supply chain operations very differently from a clothing manufacturer with operations throughout the world. What is common in the EPM approach is the ''closed-loop EPM process model'' advocated by Kaplan and Norton and their management approaches to strategy formulation including ''balanced scorecard'' and ''strategy map'' techniques. Four disciplines exist to define and cover the six stages of the closed-loop EPM process model. The four disciplines are: strategy formulation, business planning and forecasting, financial management, and supply chain effectiveness. The six stages of the closed-loop EPM process model are: strategy development, strategy translation, organization alignment, operations planning, learning and monitoring, and finally testing and adaptation. ==Strategy Formulation== ''Strategy formulation'' refers to activities of an organization which determine the direction of its agenda. This is generally constructed of the ''mission'', ''vision'', and ''strategic goals and objectives'' of an organization. Once the direction is established, an organization monitors its progress against those activities and takes corrective actions to reach a particular target state. While execution is the key to any operational objective, the strategy formulation surrounding why execution should occur and the context by which execution should be performed is also important. In recent years, organizations embed formal approaches to risk management to address market opportunities that organizations pursue. In this way strategy is aligned, performance is predictable, and executives can make better business decisions. Executives live in a financially driven environment, where operational processes are traditionally a means of organizing resources inside the company and its value chain and employees are the responsible actors to execute those processes. The strategy gap that some industry watchdogs have noted is real and growing. Innovative technologies provide one approach to collapsing this gap and allowing corporate strategic outcomes to be fully realized and risk management programs to be fully described. The first two steps of the closed-loop EPM process model involve developing the strategy and then to translate the strategy into particular actions that the organization can undertake. ''Strategy development'' as a subset of strategy formulation represents the articulation of the key components of strategy: ''mission'', ''vision'', ''strategic goals'', and ''strategic objectives''. There are several approaches to strategy development which may be considered. However this may occur the executive leadership of the organization approve the strategy and typically review this strategy every 3–5 years based upon a 10-20 year horizon. Some business and national cultures may consider a longer-range strategy horizon. ''Strategy translation'' then takes the often obscure direction and statements defined in the first step and considers how to make these directions actionable. In the case of strategic goals, these are lofty targets given generally 3–5 years to achieve. Strategic objectives then identify specific progress against goals in a given time period. For example, "product ABC will achieve a market share of x% over the next two fiscal years." would be a strategic objective. ''Key performance indicators'' assigned to these goals are determined which can monitor the organization progress towards achieving goals and objectives. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Enterprise performance management」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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